For several years, Poland has been actively involved in the European Union naval operation EUNAVFOR MED IRINI. Established in March 2020 in response to United Nations Security Council resolutions on the situation in Libya, the mission’s primary goal is to enforce the international arms embargo on the country, counter illicit oil exports, and combat human smuggling across the Mediterranean Sea.
The core task of IRINI is the enforcement of the UN arms embargo on Libya. Ships participating in the mission monitor shipping routes, carry out vessel inspections when necessary, and verify cargo. In parallel, efforts are made to curb illegal exports of Libyan oil, which often serve as a source of funding for armed groups. Another vital element of the operation is the observation and documentation of migrant smuggling, enabling the transfer of data to international partners engaged in the fight against transnational crime.
Photo: Polish Naval Aviation Brigade, Polish Military Contingent IRINI
The scope of IRINI extends beyond maritime patrols. The operation employs a wide range of technological tools, from reconnaissance aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles to satellites monitoring vessel movements and regional ports. Thanks to cooperation with Europol, Interpol, and specialized UN teams, the information collected has a tangible impact on curbing activities that violate international law. Another important mission task is the training of the Libyan Coast Guard and Navy to help them independently protect their territorial waters in the future.
Poland has been actively engaged in this multinational effort from the very beginning. The Polish Military Contingent IRINI is stationed at Sigonella Air Base in Sicily, where it is responsible for planning and coordinating operational activities. Polish personnel operate patrol aircraft conducting reconnaissance missions over the Mediterranean and support the work of the international staff. Their involvement enhances Poland’s credibility within EU structures and demonstrates readiness to share responsibility for security in the Mediterranean basin.
The mission’s structure is based on rotational contingents, ensuring that command and responsibilities are regularly handed over. Each rotation brings new experience and perspectives to operational challenges. Returning soldiers are recognized for their service in demanding international conditions, while new contingents continue the work of their predecessors.
Photo: Polish Naval Aviation Brigade, Polish Military Contingent IRINI
Operation IRINI illustrates how European cooperation and a UN mandate can translate into concrete actions in the field—from patrolling sea lanes to building the capacities of local partners. Beyond contributing to Libya’s security, the mission also supports the stability of the wider region, which is of critical importance to the whole of Europe.
Photo: Lt. Cmdr. Marcin Kołodziejski
This article was prepared as part of the public task commissioned under the Government Programme for the Development of Civic Organizations 2018–2030: “Safe Poland of Tomorrow – strengthening the mission-driven activities of the Alioth Foundation.”
